The efficiency of flame spread is affected by which of the following factors?

The efficiency of flame spread is influenced by multiple factors, each playing a unique role in how flames propagate through materials.

Material density is significant because denser materials may have different combustion characteristics compared to less dense ones. This affects how quickly and effectively a flame can consume the material, influencing the spread rate.

Airflow conditions also play a crucial role in flame spread. Sufficient airflow can increase the oxygen supply, enhancing combustion and promoting faster flame spread. Conversely, insufficient airflow can starve the fire, limiting its growth and spread.

Surface tension impacts flame spread primarily in the context of liquid fuels. The way a liquid spreads over a surface, influenced by its surface tension, can determine how readily it ignites and burns, thereby affecting the fire's overall behavior.

Considering these factors together, they all contribute to the efficiency of flame spread, validating that all of them are relevant.